PD-L1 is induced on hepatocyte floor by way of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 upregulation by the anti-HBV drug Entecavir.
- Power hepatitis B is now controllable when handled with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.
- Nonetheless, as soon as the NRTIs are discontinued, most sufferers relapse, necessitating lifelong NRTIs remedy. HBV an infection relapse is assumed to be attributable to the persistent existence of covalently closed round DNA within the nuclei of contaminated hepatocytes.
Recombinant Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173)
- The mechanism by which covalently closed round DNA-positive hepatocytes escape immune surveillance throughout NRTIs remedy stays elusive. Entecavir (ETV), a generally used NRTI, post-transcriptionally upregulates programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint molecule, on the cell floor of hepatocytes no matter HBV an infection.
- Upregulation by ETV is determined by upregulation of CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6, a newly-identified potent regulator of PD-L1 expression on the cell floor. ETV-treated hepatic cells suppressed the exercise of major CD3 T cells and PD-1 overexpressed Jurkat cells. Lastly, ETV induces PD-L1 in major hepatocytes contaminated by HBV.
Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit
- These outcomes present proof that ETV significantly upregulates PD-L1 on the cell floor of contaminated hepatocytes, which can be considered one of mechanisms by which contaminated hepatocytes subvert immune surveillance.
![]() Recombinant Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) |
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4-RPN011Mu01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Recombinant Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 expressed in: E.coli |
![]() Recombinant Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) |
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4-RPN011Ra01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Recombinant Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 expressed in: E.coli |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Antibody (FITC) |
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20-abx274261 | Abbexa |
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![]() Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Protein |
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20-abx165931 | Abbexa |
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![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Protein |
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20-abx069447 | Abbexa |
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![]() Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Protein |
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20-abx069448 | Abbexa |
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![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse) |
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4-PAN011Mu01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat) |
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4-PAN011Ra01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) |
![]() Chicken Transmembrane protein 173, TMEM173 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-17107c | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 928 |
![]() Human Transmembrane protein 173, TMEM173 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-52006h | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 824 |
![]() Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E01T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E01T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E01T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E03T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E03T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E03T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E02T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E02T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E02T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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SEN011Hu-10x96wellstestplate | Cloud-Clone | 10x96-wells test plate | EUR 5189.65 |
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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SEN011Hu-1x48wellstestplate | Cloud-Clone | 1x48-wells test plate | EUR 515.03 |
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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SEN011Hu-1x96wellstestplate | Cloud-Clone | 1x96-wells test plate | EUR 692.9 |
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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SEN011Hu-5x96wellstestplate | Cloud-Clone | 5x96-wells test plate | EUR 2818.05 |
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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4-SEN011Hu | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. |
![]() Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E06T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E06T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E06T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Dog Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E08T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Dog Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E08T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Dog Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E08T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Porcine Transmembrane protein 173, TMEM173 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-39868p | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 928 |
![]() Bovine Transmembrane protein 173, TMEM173 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-41973b | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 928 |
![]() Mouse Transmembrane protein 173, Tmem173 ELISA KIT |
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ELI-37526m | Lifescience Market | 96 Tests | EUR 865 |
![]() Pig Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E07T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Pig Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E07T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Pig Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E07T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E04T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E04T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E04T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E09T0704-192T | BlueGene | 192 tests | EUR 1270 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E09T0704-48 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 48 wells | EUR 520 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) ELISA kit |
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E09T0704-96 | BlueGene | 1 plate of 96 wells | EUR 685 |
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Transmembrane protein 173(TMEM173) in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species. |
![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) CLIA Kit |
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20-abx496082 | Abbexa |
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![]() Human Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) ELISA Kit |
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20-abx258669 | Abbexa |
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![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse) |
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4-PAN011Hu01 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), APC |
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4-PAN011Mu01-APC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with APC. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), Biotinylated |
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4-PAN011Mu01-Biotin | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with Biotin. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), Cy3 |
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4-PAN011Mu01-Cy3 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with Cy3. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), FITC |
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4-PAN011Mu01-FITC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with FITC. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), HRP |
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4-PAN011Mu01-HRP | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with HRP. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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4-PAN011Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), APC |
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4-PAN011Ra01-APC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with APC. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), Biotinylated |
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4-PAN011Ra01-Biotin | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with Biotin. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), Cy3 |
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4-PAN011Ra01-Cy3 | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with Cy3. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), FITC |
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4-PAN011Ra01-FITC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with FITC. |
![]() Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), HRP |
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4-PAN011Ra01-HRP | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173). This antibody is labeled with HRP. |
Transmembrane Protein 173 (TMEM173) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse)
- The detrimental regulators within the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway inhibit intrahepatic immune response, leading to suboptimal therapeutic response to IFNα remedy in power hepatitis B (CHB) sufferers. Figuring out the important thing detrimental components and elucidating the regulating mechanism are important for bettering anti-HBV (hepatitis B virus) efficacy of IFNα.
- From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we downloaded and analyzed gene expression profiles of CHB sufferers with totally different responses to IFNα (GSE54747), and located that innate immune standing was related to the IFNα-based therapeutic response in CHB sufferers. Via PCR array, we discovered larger baseline stage of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 2 (IFITM2) mRNA and decrease baseline stage of IFNα mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CHB sufferers with suboptimal response to IFNα remedy. Elevated IFITM2 protein was additionally discovered within the serum of IFNα nonresponsive sufferers.
Bovine Transmembrane protein 173, TMEM173 ELISA KIT
- With additional experiments, we discovered that overexpressing IFITM2 in Huh7 cells suppressed endogenous IFNα synthesis by inhibiting phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and interferon regulatory issue 3 (IRF3); knocking out IFITM2 enhanced activation of the endogenous IFNα synthesis pathway, exhibiting higher inhibition on HBV replication.
- We additionally discovered that IFITM2 protein was shuttled by exosomes to dendritic cells (DCs), the primary supply of endogenous IFNα. Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 inhibited synthesis of endogenous IFNα in DCs whereas the inhibitory impact was abolished when IFITM2 was knocked out. Moreover, we demonstrated that each palmitoylation inhibitor and mutation on 70/71 websites of IFITM2 protein influenced its incorporation into exosomes. Mutated IFITM2 protein elevated the impact of IFNα towards HBV.
- Conclusion: Exosome-mediated transport of IFITM2 to DCs inhibits IFNα pathway activation and blocks anti-HBV efficacy of exogenous IFNα. The findings present an evidence to the suboptimal response of CHB sufferers to IFNα remedy.